Chapter 12 – Organic Chemistry

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Classification of Organic Compounds
Aliphatic, Alicyclic, Aromatic, Saturated, Unsaturated, Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes, Cycloalkenes, Cycloalkanes, Cycloalkynes, Benzenoic and Nonbenzenoic, Homocyclic, Heterocyclic, etc.

This video explains the classification of organic compounds like aliphatic, alicyclic, aromatic, saturated, unsaturated, benzenoid , non-benzenoid, himocyclic, heterocyclic, monocyclic, policyclic, etc.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

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(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
IUPAC - Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Part-1

Heteroatoms. Functional Groups, Homologous Series, Primary and Secondary Suffix, Primary and Secondary Prefix, Word Root, etc.

This video is about the IUPAC nomenclature of organic compounds and explains the fundamental terms like heteroatoms, functiional groups, homologous series, word root, primary and secondary suffix, primary and secondary prefix.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
IUPAC - Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Part-2

Name for different Classes of Organic Compounds:
Alkane (Normal, iso- and neo-alkanes, Primary, Secondary, tertiary, C and H atoms)
Primary, Secondary and tertiary Alkyle Groups, Alkenes, Alkynes

This video is about nomenclature of different organic compounds like alkanes (normal, iso and neo alkanes, primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbon and hydrogen atoms), alkyl group, alkenes and alkynes.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
IUPAC - Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Part-3

Naming of Some more Classes of Organic Compounds - Halogen Derivatives or Halides (Mono-, dia- and Polyhalides, Geminal or Gem or Alkylidene Dihalides, Vicinal or Vic or Alkylene Dihalides)
Alcohols (Mono-, Di-, and Polyhydric Alcohols), Ethers, Carbolic Acids, Acid Halides, Acid Anhydrides, Esters and Amides.

This video explains the naming system of halogen derivatives ( mono, di and polyhalides, geminal, vicinal and polymethylene dihalides), alcohol ( mono , di and polyhydric alcohols), ethers, carboxylic acids, acid halides, acid amides and acid anhydrides.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
IUPAC - Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Part-4

Names of Some more Classes of Organic Compounds - Aldehydes, Ketones, Cyanides, Isocyanides, Nitro, Nitrates,
Primary, Secondary and Tertiary Amines.

This video is about the naming system of aldehydes, ketones, nitriles, isocyanides, nitro compounds, alkyl nitrites, primary, secondary and tertiary amines.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
IUPAC - Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Part-5

Rules for Naming the Aliphatic Compounds - Longest Chain, Larger number of Branches, Lowest Locant Rule, Lowest Sum Rule, Alphabetical Order of Side Chains, Different Alkyl Groups at Equivalent Positions namely the Complex Substituents

This video explains some rules for naming the aliphatic compounds - chosing the longest continuous chain of carbon atoms, lowest locant, lowest sum rule, naming of substituents in alphabetical order, naming of alkyl groups at different positions and naming of complex substituents.


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Dr. D. R. Vij
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(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
IUPAC - Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Part-6

Rules for Naming Aliphatic Compounds having Side Chains, Multiple Bonds and Functional Groups
Priority Order of Functional Groups for naming polyfunctional Compounds

This video explains the naming of aliphatic compounds having no. Of multiple bonds , compounds having functional groups and multiple bonds and polyfunctional compounds. In polyfunctional compounds based on priority order one of the functional groups is chosen as main functional group and others are taken as substituents and named as prefix.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

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Dr. D. R. Vij
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(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
IUPAC - Nomenclature of Organic Compounds Part-7

Naming of Compounds in Bond line Representation
Naming of Alicyclic and Aromatic Compounds (Ortho-, Meta- and Para- Derivatives, Benzyl, Benzal and Benzo Groups)
Writing the Structure for given name of the compound.

This video is about naming of organic compounds given in bondline notations, naming of alicyclic compounds and aromatic compounds with special reference to ortho, meta and para derivatives and benzyl, benzal and benzo groups.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

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(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Isomerism in Organic Compounds Part-1
Structural and Stereo isomerism, Chain Isomerism, Position Isomerism, Ring Chain Isomerism and Metamerism

This video explains the Isomerism and explains the structural isomerism - chain, position, ring chain isomerism and metamerism with numbrr of illustrative examples to explain each kind of isomerism.


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Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Isomerism in Organic Compounds Part-2

Structural Isomerism - Functional (Alcohol - Ethers, Aldehydes - Ketones, Cyanides - Isocyanides, Carboxylic Acid - Esters, Primary - Secondary - Tirtiary Amines, Dienes - Alkynes - Alkenes, Nitroalkanes - Alkyl Nitrites, Amides - Oxime, Phenols - Alcohols - Ethers)
Tantomerism or Desmotropism (Dyad System or 1, 2 Shift, Triad System or 1, 3 Shift - Keto - Enol tantomerism)
Tantomers are in dynamic Equilibrium)
Essential Condition for Tantomerism

This video is about functional isomerism (alcohols and ethers, aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids and esters, primary, secondary and tertiary amines, cyanides and isocyanides, phenols, aromatic alcohols and aromatic ethers, nitroalkanes and alkyl nitrites, alkynes,dienes and allenes are examples of functional isomers).The other isomerism is Tautomerism or desmotropism .The two types are dyad (1, 2 shift) and triad (1, 3 shift) system.The most common example is keto enol Tautomerism where the amount of enol form in dynamic equilirium is decided by various factors.Some essential conditions are required to show Tautomerism.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

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Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Isomerism in Organic Compounds Part-3

Stereo isomerism - Conformational or Rotational Isomerism
Conformation of Ethane - Eclipsed and Staggered, Sawhorse Representation Neromans Projections of Conformors, Relative Stability of Eclipsed and Staggered forms, Torsional Strain, Dihedral Angle, The Energy Barrier)

This video explains the stereoisomerism - conformational or rotational isomerism with special reference to ethane. The isomerism occurs due to free rotation of C-C sigma bond on it's axis giving rise to infinite number of isomers . The most common are eclipsed and staggered conformations, representable by Sawhorse and Fischer projections. The two forms are separated by energy barrier and staggered conformation is most stable due to least torsional strain.


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Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Isomerism in Organic Compounds Part-4

Stereo isomerism - Geometrical Isomerism or cis trans isomerism due to restricted rotation of C=C double bond.
Relative stabilities of cis and trans isomers.
Comparison of M. P., B. P., Polarity and Solubility of cis and trans isomers.
Conditions for Geometrical isomerism
E - Z isomers

This video explains the geometrical isomerism in organic compounds that occurs due to restricted rotation of C-C double bonds.The two isomers are cis and trans that differ in their stabilities, melting point, boiling point, polarity, water solubility. There are certain conditions for showing geometrical isomerism and compounds that don't exhibit geometrical isomerism show E-Z isomerism.


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Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Isomerism in Organic Compounds Part-5

Stereo isomerism - Optical Isomerism - Plane Polarised Light, Condition for Optical Isomerism -
Asymmetric Molecules, Non-superimposable mirror image
Exantiomers - dextro and levo (-) or l - rotatory, Racemic mixture - (External Compensation), Diastereomers, Mesoforms (Internal Compensation)

This video explains the optical Isomerism in organic compounds. It occurs due to different effect on plane polarised light of optically active compounds. The enantiomers may be dextro or levo rotatory. Equimolar mixture of d and l isomers is racemic mixture due to internal compensation. The meso compounds are optically inactive due to molecular symmetry and show internal compensation . Diastereoisomers are stereoisomers also.


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Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Reaction Mechanism of Organic Reactions

Homolytic and Heterolytic cleavage
Attacking Reagents - Electrophiles and Nucleophiles
Positive and Neutral Electrophiles
Negative and Neutral Electrophiles

This video is about the reaction mechanism of organic reactions. lt involves cleavage of bonds - homolytic cleavage produces free radicals and heterolytic cleavage produces ions- carbonation and carbanion. The reaction is caused by some attacking reagents - electrophiles (positive or electron defficient species) and nucleophiles (negative or electron rich species).


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Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Electron Displacement Effects in Organic Compounds

Temporary and Permanent Effect
Electromeric Effect - A Temporary Effect (+E and -E Effect)

This video is about electron displacement effect in organic compounds.These may be temporary or permanent. Electromeric effect is a temporary effect which is of two types- +E and -E effect.The effect is due to shifting of π electrons towards more electronegative atom.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

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Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Induction Effects in Organic Compounds

A permanent Effect
+I and -I Effect
Decreasing Order of Various Groups Exerting +I and -I effect
Applications of Inductive Effects

This video is about lnductive effect, a permanent effect in organic compounds due to partial shifting of sigma electrons towards more electronegative atom or group. Electron releasing groups exert +I and electron withdrawing groups exert -I effect. This effect is used to compare the melting point, boiling point and acidic and basic strength of various compounds.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

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Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Hyperconjugation

Baker - Nathan Effect or No Bond Resonance
Conditions of Hyperconjugation
Significance of Hyperconjugation - Change in C-C Bond Length, Directive Influence of Alkyl Groups, Relative Stabilities of Alkenes, Stability of Carbocations and Free Radicals

This video is about another permanent effect - hyperconjugation also called Baker Nathan effect or No bond resonance. The effect is due to delocalisation of sigma electrons of C - H bonds. The effect helps in comparing the relative stability of alkenes, explaining the directive influence of alkyl group in benzene and some other characteristics also.


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Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Resonance or Mesomeric Effect

The delocalisation of pie electrons in a conjugated system +R or +M and _R or _M effect
Directive influence of groups on benzene ring
Groups showing +R effect are ring activating and O- and p- directing and those showing -R effect are ring deactivating or m- directing
R effect stronger than I effect

This video is about resonance or mesomeric effect, a permanent effect that occurs due to shifting of π electrons in conjugated systems. The atoms or groups having lone pair of electrons exert + R or +M effect and act as ring activating, ortho- para- directing groups. The groups having multiple bonds exert -R or -M effect and act as ring deactivating, meta directing groups.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

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Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Reaction Intermediates

Carbocations, Carboanions, Free Radicals and Carbenes
Carbocation - Orbital Structure. Planar with p- orbital
Types of Carbocation and their relative stabilities based on +I effect and number of resonating structures, Rearrangement of Carbocations

This video is about the reaction intermediates like carbocation, carbanion, free radicals, carbenes with special reference to carbocation, orbital structure, types of carbocation - primary, secondary, tertiary, benzyl etc and relative stabilities of these on the basis of +I effect, hyperconjugation and resonance .The carbocations also rearrange to attain stability.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

This self-learning approach is a definite step towards democratisation of education i.e. taking education even to individuals who staying in remote and far off areas were being deprived of education for no fault of theirs.

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With thanks
Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Carbanions

Species having Negative Charge on Carbon
Orbital Structures' Types - Primary, secondary and Tertiary
Stability of Carbanions
Stability on the basis of +I effect of Alkyll groups
Resonance and Nature of Hybridisation

This video is about carbanions, the negatively charged reaction intermediates formed by heterolytic cleavage of bond of carbon with less electronegative atom or group. These are pyramidal shaped species due to sp3 hybridization and lone pair electron on carbon. There are various types of carbanions like primary, secondary and tertiary and their stability orders are on the basis of +I effect of alkyl groups and resonance.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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With thanks
Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Free Radicals and Carbenes

Orbital Structures
Types and Stability Order of Free Radicals
Orbital Structures, Types and Stability order of Carbenes

This video is about free radicals and carbenes . Free radicals are formed by homolytic cleavage of c- c bond.These are planar structure due to sp2 hybridization . Various types of free radicals (primary ,secondary and tertiary)  have stability orders on the basis of hyperconjugation and resonance. Singlet carbenes are planar and triplet carbenes are linear and more stable.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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With thanks
Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Types of Organic Reactions Part-1

Sustitution Reaction - Nucleophilic, Electrophilic and Free Radical Substitution
Mechanisms of Nucleophilic Sustitution Reaction - SN1 and SN2 Mechanism - Unimolecular and Bimolecular Reaction Via Carbocation and Transition State Formation
Concerted Reactions
Inversion and Retention of Configuration
Walden Inversion
Reactivity order towards SN1 and SN2 Reactions

This video is about Substitution Reactions that are of three types Electrophilic, Free radical and Nucleophilic Substitution. The nucleophilic substitution are of two types - SN1 that occur via carbocation formation and SN2 that occur via an intermediate formation. SN1 reaction leads to racemisation and SN2 reaction leads to inversion (Walden inversion) of configuration in  optically active organic compounds. 


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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With thanks
Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Types of Organic Reactions Part-2

Polymerisation Reaction
Pericyclic or cycloaddition Reactions (2 + 2 Cycloaddition and 4+2 Cycloaddition or Diel's Alder Reaction)

This video is about polymerization reaction and pericyclic (cycloaddition) reaction . These reactions may be 2+2 cycloaddition and 4+2 cycloaddition also known as Diel's Alder reaction.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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With thanks
Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Types of Organic Reactions Part-3

Addition Reaction - Nucleophilic, Electrophilic and Free Radicals Addition
Markovnikov's Addition
AntiMarkovnikov's Addition (Peroxide or Kharasch Effect)

This video explains addition reaction in organic compounds. These are of 3 types- nucleophilic addition, Electrophilic addition (Markovnikov's addition), Free radical (anti Markovnikov's addition or peroxide effect or Kharasch's effect). Peroxide effect is observed only during addition of HBr in presence of peroxide.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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With thanks
Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Types of Organic Reactions Part-4

Isomerization
Condensation and Rearrangement Reaction

This video explains some more types of organic reactions - condensation, isomerisation and rearrangement reactions.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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With thanks
Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Types of Organic Reactions Part-5

Elimination Reactions - Saytzeff's Elimination, Hoffman's Elimination, Types of Elimination Reactions - Alpha Elimination, Beta Elimination (E1 and E2), Gamma Elimination leading to Cyclisation

This video explains the elimination reactions in organic compounds that lead to unsaturation. These are further classified as alpha, beta and gamma elimination on the basis of carbon atoms from which the two atoms or groups are lost. In beta elimination when there is possibility of number of alkenes product, the major product is decided by Saytzef's rule according to which more substituted alkene is the preferred product. But with fluorine the Hoffman's elimination occurs. Depending upon reaction mechanism beta elimination are of 2 types- E1 and E2 elimination.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Purification of Organic Compounds Part-1

Filteration, Crystallisation, Fractional Crystallisation, Sublimation, Simple Distillation, Fractional Distillation

This video is about the methods of purification of organic compounds like filteration, crystallization, fractional crystallization, sublimation, simple distillation and fractional distillation


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Purification of Organic Compounds Part-2

Distillation under Reduced Pressure or Vaccum Distillation, Steam Distillation, Differential Extraction

This video explains some more methods of purification of organic compounds like vaccum distillation or distillation under reduced pressure, steam distillation and solvent extraction using seperating funnel.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Purification of Organic Compounds Part-3

Adsorption (Column and Thin layer) Chromatography
Partition Chromatography (Paper Chromatography)

This video is about another method of purification of organic compounds - Chromatography which is of two types: adsorption (Column and thin layer) and partition chromatography. Column Chromatography and thin layer chromatography are the types of adsorption chromatography whereas paper chromatography is the type of partition chromatography.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds Part-1

Detection of Carbon and Hydrogen by heating with dry CuO
Detection of Nitrogen - Preparation of Lassaigne's Extract
Test for Nitrogen using solution of NaOH, Ferrous Sulphate and Sulphuric Acid
Detection of Halogens - Beilstein Test
Silver Nitrate Test using Lassaigne's Extract

This video explains the qualitative analysis of organic compounds- to identify the elements other than carbon and hydrogen in the given compound. Carbon and hydrogen are identified by heating the compound with cupric oxide so that Carbon and Hydrogen are converted to carbon dioxide and water respectively. Nitrogen and halogen are identified by making Lassaigne's extract.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

This self-learning approach is a definite step towards democratisation of education i.e. taking education even to individuals who staying in remote and far off areas were being deprived of education for no fault of theirs.

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Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Qualitative Analysis of Organic Compounds Part-2

Detection of Sulphur, Phosphorous and Oxygen
Sulphur is detected by by Sodium Nitroprusside Test and Lead Acetate test using Lassaigne's Extract
Phosphorus is detected by Ammonium Molybdate test
Oxygen is tested indirectly by summing percentage of other elements

This video explains the detection of Sulphur, Phosphorus and Oxygen in organic compounds. Sulphur is detected by Sodium nitroprusside test and Lead acetate test that gives violet colour solution and black precipitate respectively. Phosphorus is detected by Ammonium molybdate test that produces yellow precipitate. For detecting oxygen there is no direct method. It is detected indirectly.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Quantitative Analysis of Organic Compounds Part-1

Estimation of Carbon and Hydrogen
Estimation of Nitrogen by Duma's Method (Conversion of compound of Nitrogen to Elemental N2)

This video explains the qualitative analysis of organic compounds. Carbon and Hydrogen is estimated by heating known mass of organic compound with CuO. It converts Carbon and Hydrogen to carbon dioxide and water respectively. Nitrogen is estimated by Duma's method which releases elemental Nitrogen. By taking the volume of liberated Nitrogen at STP its mass is calculated.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

This self-learning approach is a definite step towards democratisation of education i.e. taking education even to individuals who staying in remote and far off areas were being deprived of education for no fault of theirs.

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With thanks
Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Quantitative Analysis of Organic Compounds Part-2

Estimation of Nitrogen by Kjeldahl's Method, which is not applicable for compounds containing Nitrogen in the Ring, a3O compounds, the Compounds containing Nitrogen directly linked to Oxygen like NO2.
Estimation of Hydrogen by Carius Method

This video explains the Kjeldahl's method for estimation of nitrogen in organic compounds. The method is not applicable to compounds containing Nitrogen in ring, Nitrogen directly linked to Nitrogen or Oxygen. This method coverts Nitrogen of compounds to ammonia which is estimated to find the percentage of Nitrogen in the compound. Halogens in organic compounds are estimated by using AgNO3 and converting to precipitate of silver halide which is filtered, dried and estimated to give percentage of halogen in organic compounds.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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With thanks
Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316

Class XI - Chemistry
Unit 12 - Organic Chemistry
Quantitative Analysis of Organic Compounds Part-3

Estimation of Phosphorous, Sulphur and Oxygen
Phosphorous is estimated by Carius Method by converting it to Ammonium Phospho molybdate or to Magnesium Pyrophosphate
Sulphur is also estimated by Carius Method as Barium Sulphate (BaSO4)
No direct method for estimation of Oxygen but can be estimated by heating compound in stream of N2.

This video is about estimation of Phosphorus, Sulphur and Oxygen in organic compounds. Phosphorus is estimated as ammonium phospho molybdate or as Magnesium pyrophosphate by Carius method. Sulphur is estimated as barium sulfate by Carius method. Oxygen is either estimated by summing up the percentage of other elements and subtracting from 100 or by heating compound and converting all Oxygen to CO2 using lodine pentaoxide . Knowing the amount of Carbon dioxide or lodine, percentage of Oxygen is calculated.


This Channel initiated by Dr. D. R. Vij (former Professor of Physics, Kurukshetra University, India) primarily aims at taking free education to the doorsteps of learners who for various economic and social factors can not avail benefits of regular coaching.

In view of the congested classrooms coupled with hefty tuition fee, social taboos and hazards of travelling (for girls in particular) this mode of extending education had become a necessity.

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With thanks
Dr. D. R. Vij
Professor of Physics (Retd.)
(Mob) +919416220316